Scope and Contents

Correspondence files, 1937-1965, with business, government, media, and personal contacts, which are arranged alphabetically by the correspondent's last name or by the subject matter of the correspondence. The folder descriptions may list many correspondents but are not exclusive. There is also correspondence in the Series 4. Accretions 1 and 2.

The correspondence in the collection relates to ventures in which Wisner was acting as a consultant and an attorney to promote and protect companies in diversifying their interests and making investments for himself and his family. Incorporated into the business correspondence are many letters with agents, diplomats, scholars, and journalists that contain brief references to high-level government officials and important world events. The contents are often cryptic and do not mention specifics e.g. "I agree with what you said the other day" or "with the 3rd sentence of your last paragraph."

Correspondents include or mention C. I. A. Directors, State Department officials, and agents, Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, John Bross, Richard Helms, William Raborn, William J. Donovan, William J. Casey, Charles "Chip" Bohlen, David and Evangeline Bruce, Llewelyn "Tommy" Thompson, Adolph A. Berle, Clark Clifford, W. Averill Harriman, Paul Nitze, Bronson Tweedy, Richard M. Bissell, Jr., Burton Y. Berry, Walt Whitman Rostow, Desmond Fitzgerald, Brigadier General Lauris Norstadt, General Charles Pearre Cabell, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Archibald "Archie" Alexander, Clare Boothe Luce, Gerry Miller, James Jesus Angleton, C. Tracy Barnes, Charles Thayer, Gilbert Highet, Julius "Junky" Fleischman, H. A. R. "Kim" Philby, Oleg Penkovsky, Richard Sorge, and Sam Papich, as well as F. B.I. Director J. Edgar Hoover.

1 Cubic Feet Three document boxes. Boxes 11-13. (12-13 half-width document boxes)

Scope and Contents

Lifetime files of Frank Gardiner Wisner including personal papers and business papers. Of interest are manuscript pages from "Secret Powers: International Espionage Before, During, and After the First World War" by Walther Nicolai (Chief of the Intelligence Service of the German High Command)

2.5 Cubic Feet Document boxes. Box 14-18 ( Legal size Box 14, 15, 16, 18 and half width legal size Box 17) Includes CD.

Scope and Contents

Condolence letters to the family from around the world, conveying deep sadness and admiration, with many testaments of Wisner's kindness, wit, humility, courage, devotion and leadership. Included is a CD.

1.5 Cubic Feet Three legal document boxes. Boxes 18-20

Scope and Contents

Accretion 1 and 2 (0075 and 2017-0208) of correspondence, personal papers, military papers (Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation reports), photographs, and University of Virginia related materials are in both additions. Of particular note are letters from Richard Helms, Arpad Goncz, and others offering support for Wisner's work in Romania. There is also an account of Frank Wisner's time in the OSS in Eastern Europe during the War, and an interview with Katharine Graham and Wisner's wife, Polly. Also the very first acquisition for this collection is in this series (awards, list of donations to the Law library, photographs and newspaper clippings)

0.015 Cubic Feet 3 legal size folders Correspondence of Frank Gardiner Wisner including condolence letters from Sir Isaiah Berlin, and commemorative addresses about him, Wisner Memorial Fund, documents about his death, narrative of hepaptitis, and photograph.

Conditions Governing Access

This collection is open for research.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

This collection was a gift from Ellis Wisner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on July 7, 2021.

Biographical / Historical

Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard and Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.

His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire.

In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London.

In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments.

Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).

Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information. He obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.

He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951).

Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.

After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy. He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation. He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.

As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.

He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.

He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.

He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.

Preferred Citation

MSS 15049, Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.

Scope and Contents

Correspondence of Frank Gardiner Wisner including condolence letters from Sir Isaiah Berlin, and commemorative addresses about him, Wisner Memorial Fund, documents about his death, narrative of hepaptitis, and photograph.