Barron, James Papers (I) Guide to the James Barron Papers (I) Mss. 65 B27

Guide to the James Barron Papers (I) Mss. 65 B27


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Special Collections Research Center

William & Mary Special Collections Research Center
Earl Gregg Swem Library
400 Landrum Dr
Williamsburg, Virginia
Business Number: 757-221-3090
spcoll@wm.edu
URL: https://libraries.wm.edu/libraries-spaces/special-collections

Special Collections Staff.

Repository
Special Collections Research Center
Identification
Mss. 65 B27
Title
James Barron Papers (I) 1766-1899
Quantity
7.52 Linear Feet
Quantity
Creator
Barron, James, 1769-1851
Creator
Adams, John, 1735-1826
Creator
Elliott, Jesse Duncan, 1782-1845
Creator
Green, Duff, 1791-1875
Creator
Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845
Creator
Kendall, Amos, 1789-1869
Creator
Stevens, William Oliver, 1878-1955
Creator
Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844
Language
English

Administrative Information

Conditions Governing Use:

Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.

Conditions Governing Access:

Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.

Preferred Citation:

James Barron Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.

Acquisition Information:

Gift: 2,739 items, 04/24/1945. Purchased: 1 item, 05/00/1969. Purchased: 1 item, 04/00/1970. Purchased: 1 item, 08/13/1979. Purchased:  300 items, 05/27/1987. Purchased: 1 item, 09/15/1999.


Biographical Information:

Commodore James Barron, born 15 September 1768 in Hampton, Virginia, died 21 April 1851 in Norfolk, served under his father, Commodore James Barron the Elder, in the Revolutionary War. He was made Captain in the Virginia Navy in 1799 and transferred to the newly formed U.S. Navy in 1803. During the War with Tripoli he commanded the U.S. Frigates New Yorkand Presidentwhen his brother, Commodore Samuel Barron, was commander of the Mediterranean Squadron. He assisted his brother in that command when the latter's health failed and returned with him to Norfolk in 1805.

Appointed Commander of the Mediterranean Squadron in 1806 with the rank of Commodore, which title he retained for the rest of his life, he sailed aboard the U.S. Chesapeake.The British ship Leopardattacked the Chesapeakewhen Barron refused to allow his ship to be boarded in a search for British deserters. After a brief battle, Barron surrendered and on the request of his junior officers he was brought before a Naval court martial. The command was turned over to Capt. Stephen Decatur who in the Algerian War of 1815 became a national hero. Barron was suspended from the Navy for five years in a decision criticized by many, including B. Cocke of Washington and Robert Saunders of Williamsburg.

Barron took command of the merchant ship Portia, and after several voyages was caught in a Danish port by the outbreak of the War of 1812. He attempted to get passage home but was refused it because of the Danish neutrality and remained in Copenhagen until 1819. During this period he supported himself with his inventions including a new type of mill, a rope spinning machine, a cork cutter, and a dough kneading machine. Upon his return he sought a command in the Navy and in the course of this an argument by mail with Decatur resulted in the famous duel in which Barron was seriously injured and Decatur fatally. His second in the duel, Capt. J. D. Elliott was coupled with Barron in responsibility for the duel, though perhaps unfairly.

A Naval Court of Enquiry was held in 1821 to clear the name of Barron for his absence in the War of 1812 and other charges brought against him. The decision was very noncommittal and was criticized by many, including Carter Beverley and John Taliaferro of Williamsburg.

In 1824, Barron was given the command of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, largely through the influence of his friend, General Andrew Jackson. While there he participated in the entertaining of General Lafayette when he visited the U.S.

Commodore Barron took command of the Gosport Navy Yard in 1825 where he remained until 1831 when he returned to the command of the Philadelphia Navy Yard. In 1837, he resigned that command because an officer junior to him had been appointed President of the Naval Board in Washington, and was without command until 1842. From 13 March to 30 November 1842 he commanded the Navy Asylum, a retirement home for Naval men in Philadelphia. In that position he was also in charge of the training and examination of Midshipmen for the Navy, and his advice was asked when plans were being made for organization of the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1847. In 1845, he returned to Norfolk where he lived in retirement until his death in 1851.

During all this time he continued his interest in inventions which included a new type of pump and bellows ventilator for ships, a steam-powered battleship, a new type of dry dock, and a cylinder steam for ships developed with Amos Kendali. He was instrumental in the development of the Naval flag signal, which he first revised in 1798.

Commodore Barron supported the education of his grandson, James Barron Hope, whose early letters, a poem on Washington, and other poems are included at the end of Box 11. (See the James Barron Hope Papers for a continuation of these papers, and the Samuel Barron Papers for a chart to the genealogy of the Barron family.) Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/James Barron

Scope and Contents

Correspondence and papers of Commodore James Barron relating to his career in the United States Navy, and especially relating to The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in 1807 and to his duel with Stephen Decatur. Collection includes photocopies of patents issued to Barron for his inventions and a typescript of William Oliver Stevens' An Affair of Honor, a biography of Barron. Correspondents include John Adams, Jesse Duncan Elliott, Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, Amos Kendall, Duff Green and Abel P. Upshur. 753 items.

Two Additions:

Mss. 87 B28  (Acc. 1987.29)

Archives of the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, 1807-1808.  300 pages of correspondence, attorneys' interrogations, court testimony of court material of Commodore James Barron.  Rough drafts of published material, and some material not published.

Mss. Acc. 1999.44

ALS from Thomas Truxton, Norfolk, Virginia, to Capt. James Sever, 26 April 1800 regarding sending the Chesapeake (ship) to sea.  Mention of James Barron Sever is to turn over his crew to the Chesapeake, Chesapeake heading towards Craney Island, court of inquiry no hinderance to "this business".

Arrangement of Materials:

Arrangement: This collection is arranged mostly by date with certain subjects and materials being grouped together. These subjects include: The Leopard-Chesapeake Affair, Box-folder: 1:50-82; Undated Material, Box-folder: 12:1-35; Letters and drafts sent by James Barron, Box-folder: 12: 27-50; Manuscripts, Box-folder: 12:51-81; Accounts, Box-folder: 12:82-87; Papers connected with the inventions of James Barron, Box-folder: 14:1- 15; Pictorial Images, Box-folder: 14:16-22; and Newspaper Articles, Box: 15. Organization: This collection is organized into fifteen series, one series for each of the fifteen boxes in this collection.

Related Material

Materials related to this collection can be found under the James Barron Hope Papers and the Samuel Barron Papers, Manuscripts and Rare Books Department, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.

Samuel Barron Papers, Manuscripts and Rare Books Department, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. Samuel Barron Papers, 1793-1942.538 items.Collection number: Mss. 65 B29.

James Barron Hope Papers, Manuscripts and Rare Books Department, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. James Barron Hope Papers, 1790-1965, 1847-1887.  993 items.  Collection number: Mss. 65 H77.

Subjects and Indexing Terms


General

Other Information:

Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00021.frame

Significant Persons Associated With the Collection

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Container List

id165415
Box 1
1776-1808, 1851, undated
Scope and Contents

Scope and Contents

Genealogical notes on the Barron Family are to be found in this box together with an autobiographical note by James Barron (1768-1851) and "Revolutionary Reminiscences" by his father, James Barron the Elder (d. 1787). (A genealogical chart of the Barron Family is to be found in the Samuel Barron Papers, Box 1, folder 1.) Naval commissions of James Barron together with his personal and naval correspondence from 1803 to 1807 are included in this first box. Correspondence of 1803 to 1805 covers the period from Barron's first commission through his command of the U.S. Frigates New York and President in the Mediterranean Squadron during the war with Tripoli. Several letters concern his duties as assistant to his brother, Commodore Samuel Barron, who was commander of the Squadron before relinquishing the command to Capt. John Rodgers because of ill health. The papers of the 1806-1807 period begin with the preparations for Barron to leave Norfolk on the U.S. Ship Chesapeake to take command of the Mediterranean Squadron with the rank of Commodore. The correspondence with Comm. Rodgers, which nearly ended in a duel but was amicably settled by the seconds is included. A description of the affair with the British warship Leopard describes the brief skirmish and the capitulation of Barron. The request of his officers for his arrest as a result of the capitulation, the passing of the command of his ship to Capt. Stephen Decatur, the preparations for the Court Martial, the testimony, and the sentence of suspension are in the material found in this box. Opinions regarding the unfairness of the sentence by B. Cocke of Washington and Robert Saunders, President of William and Mary College, and others, are included.

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id168461
Box 2
1810-1815
Scope and Contents

At the beginning of this box is to be found a curious ten page document from John Peake to Lord Gambier, 4 June 1811; in it he recommends "an entirely new system for naval vessels." Also from this period, 7 September 1811 is the letter from W. Lewis to Chas. W. Goldsborough, Secretary of the Navy, which formed the basis for one of the accusations in the later Naval Enquiry on James Barron. The remainder of the material is from the years that Barron spent in exile in Copenhagen. Having arrived there in command of a commercial ship, Portia, in 1812, he was forced to sell the ship and remain in Denmark. His correspondence in connection with his attempts to make a living by his inventions show that he received patents on machines for spinning hemp into rope, cutting cork, kneading dough, and an improvised wind mill. His letter to Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy, asking an opportunity to serve his country at the conclusion of his sentence, 22 July 1813, remained unanswered. His correspondence of 1814 when he sold his European patents in expectation of an opportunity to return to the U.S. ended in disappointment. Much correspondence with his daughter, Jane A. Barron is from this period.

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id168594
Box 3
1816-1820
Scope and Contents

The correspondence of 1816 through 1820 begins with business and family letters received in Copenhagen. After his return to the U.S. in 1819 there is correspondence with the Navy Department and President Monroe regarding the reinstatement of Barron in a naval command. The correspondence of June 1819 to March 1820 with Capt. Stephen Decatur is preserved, along with an account of the duel in which Barron was gravely injured and Decatur killed. (See "The History of a transaction which there ought never to have been occasion for," an account of the duel written by James Barron in the Samuel Barron Papers, Box 1, Folder 8.) The correspondence with Capt. J. D. Elliott, his second, and reports of the controversies which followed the duel are included. Family letters include many from his daughter, Mrs. Jane Barron Hope.

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id169956
Box 4
1821
Scope and Contents

This box contains the papers of 1821 which are concerned almost entirely with correspondence and other material related to the Naval Court of Enquiry held at the Brooklyn Naval Yard. The enquiry covered (1) the accusation made by W. Lewis in a letter of 7 September 1811 to the Secretary of the Navy, regarding remarks reported to have been made by Barron while in Portugal on a commercial trip regarding the Chesapeake- Leopard Affair and (2) the desire of Barron to return to active service in the War of 1812 upon the expiration of his sentence of suspension from the Navy. Statements of the trial and reactions to the verdict are included. See also: the Proceedings of the Court of Enquiry held at the Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, upon Captain James Barron of the United States Navy in May, 1821.Published in Washington City by Jacob Gideon, Junior, 1822. 111 pages.; "Notes to the Trial of Commodore Barron, 1808." 8 pages. and; "Proceedings of the General Court Martial convened for the trial of Commodore James Barron, Captain Charles Gordon, Mr. William Hook, and Captain John Hall of the United States Ship Chesapeakein the month of January, 1808." 496 pages. All are included in one volume in Box 13, folder 1 of the James Barron Papers (1).

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id170049
Box 5
1822
Scope and Contents

Correspondence of the year 1822, much of it concerned with the sentence of the Court of Enquiry and opinions regarding it, including several letters each from A. McLane, Wilmington, Del., R. J. Cleveland, Lancaster, Massachuetts, Wm. Craig, Philadelphia, and Capt. J.D. Elliott, Barron's second in the duel with Decatur. Included is correspondence with Barron's daughters, Mary and Margaretha, and his son-in-law, Capt. John P. Tuttle, and business correspondence in connections with his inventions, a washing machine and a new type of oil lamp.

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id171930
Box 6
1824
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id172068
Box 7
1825-1827
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id175704
Box 8
1828-1831
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id176045
Box 9
1832-1834
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id176236
Box 10
1835-1839
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id181230
Box 11
1840-1851
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id184691
Box 12
undated
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id186799
Box 13
1822
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id186820
Box 14
1818-1955
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id187383
Box 15
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