Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon
PO Box 3600Mount Vernon, VA 22121
Telephone: 703-799-3600
URL: http://archives.mountvernon.org
Rebecca Baird, Archivist
Administrative Information
Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.
Preferred Citation
[Name and date of item], John Augustine Washington III and Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) Collection, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia.
Biographical / Historical
(Taken from the Digital Encyclopedia entry by Matthew Costello, George Washington's Mount Vernon website)
John Augustine Washington III was the great-grand nephew of George Washington and the last private owner of Mount Vernon. The fourth of five children, he was born on May 3, 1821 to John Augustine Washington II and Jane Charlotte Blackburn Washington. John Augustine spent his young childhood at his parents' Blakeley plantation near present day Charles Town, West Virginia, but after the deaths of Bushrod Washington and his wife Julia in 1829, the Mount Vernon estate became the possession of Bushrod's nephew, John Augustine Washington II. As the son of a wealthy Virginia planter, John Augustine enjoyed a comfortable lifestyle at Mount Vernon, developing interests in politics, hunting, and agriculture. After John Augustine Washington II passed away in June 1832, the estate was left to his widow Jane Charlotte, who vowed to maintain the estate to the best of her ability without involving her children's inheritances. While John Augustine Washington III preferred his more aristocratic pastimes, Jane insisted that he attend college after his father's death. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1840, returning to Mount Vernon in September 1841 with a proposition to manage the estate for his mother. She agreed, loaning him twenty-two slaves and contracting his employment for five hundred dollars per year for seven years.
As the oldest living male heir, John Augustine Washington III positioned himself to take possession of Mount Vernon from his mother. While she did not pass away until 1855, she gave John Augustine the proverbial keys to the kingdom, granting him full autonomy to run the plantation as he saw fit. However, John Augustine quickly realized that the deteriorating Mount Vernon estate was a far cry from the profitable plantation that his great-great uncle George Washington once presided over. His primary means of income came from wheat and potato production, woodcutting, selling slaves and outsourcing slave labor, collecting land rents, and his herring operation on the Potomac River. However, soil degradation, poor harvests, temperamental weather, and the devastation of crops by insects and pests limited his agricultural returns. While he managed to slow Mount Vernon's financial decline, these endeavors were not enough to stop the downward spiral. In addition to facing these hardships, John Augustine also experienced constant interruptions by sightseers, many of whom wanted the meet the living descendent of General George Washington, see the Mansion, and ask questions about Washington's life.
These visitors were considered a nuisance to John Augustine's family, and their presence slowed plantation work for slaves, overseers, and hired farm laborers. Initially John Augustine followed the precedential policies of his mother, father, and uncle Bushrod, publishing trespassing notices around the property, requesting letters of introduction to enter the Mansion, and denying the landing of steamboats on the Potomac River. But with his lands yielding such little profit, John Augustine decided to embrace this historical tourism, implementing business strategies to extract money from the thousands of visitors who journeyed to the home of George Washington. In order to bring more people to the estate, he entered into a contract with the proprietors of the Thomas Collyer to permit their steamboat to dock directly at Mount Vernon. He also promoted and invested in the construction of the Alexandria, Mount Vernon, and Accotink Turnpike Road, which was designed to make travel easier to Mount Vernon over land. As more visitors descended upon the grounds, he instructed slaves and laborers to sell bouquets of flowers, fruit, milk, and hand-carved canes to tourists. Beyond the property boundaries, he went into business with James Crutchett, who purchased timber from the estate and manufactured wooden Washington trinkets near the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad depot in the nation's capital. While John Augustine Washington capitalized on the American fascination with George Washington, these sales were not substantial enough to convince him to retain Mount Vernon. He attempted to sell the property to both the federal government and the state of Virginia, but both bodies were deeply mired in sectional and political partisanship. Convinced that neither would meet his terms, he agreed to sell 200 acres of the Mount Vernon estate, which included the Mansion, outlying buildings, and the family tomb to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (MVLA) in 1858 for $200,000.
John Augustine and his family vacated Mount Vernon for their new home Waveland plantation in February 1860. About a year later the state of Virginia called for a convention to debate the issue of secession, and in April 1861, Virginia delegates responded to the firing on Fort Sumter by voting in favor of leaving the Union. John Augustine joined the Confederate Army as a lieutenant colonel, and he served as aide-de-camp to his relative by marriage, General Robert E. Lee. In September 1861, John Augustine was killed during a reconnaissance mission at the Battle of Cheat Mountain by a Union bushwhacker. In a letter to John's teenage daughter Louisa, Lee painfully informed her that her father "fell in the cause to which he had devoted all his energies, and which his noble heart was earnestly enlisted." The two men had shared many conversations and moments together as tent mates, and Lee admired his unflinching "devotion to Almighty God," assuring Louisa that "He is now safely in Heaven." John Augustine was buried in the Zion Episcopal Churchyard in Charles Town, West Virginia, one of several Washington family members who fought and died for Southern independence.
Scope and Contents
This collection concerns the inheritance, maintenance, and sale of the Mount Vernon estate by its last private owner, John Augustine Washington III. A large majority of the collection is correspondence to or from John Augustine Washington III with a significant portion relating to the purchase of the estate by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Three diaries kept by John Augustine are also included and contain important information about his slaves, agricultural practices, and finances. Other types of material in the collection include legal documents, receipts, photographs, and ephemera. Photocopies were made for most of the manuscripts and can be viewed as surrogates to the originals.
Descendants of John Augustine Washington III maintained ownership of these records until 1990 when they were sold to Gary Hendershott, a manuscripts dealer from Little Rock, Arkansas. The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association purchased the collection in October 1990.
Arrangement
The collection is arranged chronologically with undated material listed at the beginning in alphabetical order by folder title. Addenda, photocopies, and bound volumes are described at the end of the collection.
Related Material
Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association ; Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association ; John Augustine Washington III and Eleanor Love Selden Correspondence ; John Augustine Washington III and Descendants Papers ; Historic Manuscripts Collection
Significant Persons Associated With the Collection
- Bassett, George Washington, 1800-1878
- Corcoran, W.W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888
- Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875
- Cunningham, Louisa Bird, 1794-1873
- Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857
- Davis, Henry Winter, 1817-1865
- Everett, Edward, 1794-1865
- Johnson, Joseph, 1785-1877
- Lewis, Eleanor Parke Custis, 1779-1852
- Lewis, Lawrence, 1767-1839
- Lossing, Benson John, 1813-1891
- McKenzie, Lewis, 1810-1895
- Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870
- Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866
- Taylor, John L. (John Lampkin), 1805-1870
- Tyler, Nathaniel, 1828-1917
- Washington, Bushrod C. (Bushrod Corbin), 1839-1919
- Washington, Eleanor Love Selden, 1824-1860
- Washington, George Corbin, 1789-1854
- Washington, Jane Charlotte Blackburn, 1786-1855
- Washington, John Augustine, III, 1821-1861
Container List
Lists signatures and states that all members of Congress would sign if requested.
States they are now the "best of friends." She is angry at people who denigrate his motives. Wants to make known his true nature.
Mrs. Ritchie requests he arrive at the theatre a little after 12:00 so all guests may be seated prior to the rise of the curtain.
She had sent her present of flowers to Mrs. Madison, and they were "greatfully" received.
His mother wants help valuing her sheep. Describes one offer for Mount Vernon with great disdain. They want to have entertainments there. He has great respect for "your manly pride."
Apologizes for having intruded too much on his privacy during a recent visit when Mrs. Ritchie and others of the ladies "took forcible possession of me" and requested cuttings of flowers. Hopes he will establish a Botanic Garden and suggests a location for a Mausoleum.
Describes her return from Mount Vernon in much rain. Discusses crops. Gives instructions for sending things to her. Asks report of conversation that was "highly derogatory to me." Feels items should be sold to visitors so they will not pilfer mementos.
Urges sale of Mount Vernon to Virginia rather than to a private sale.
Resolution wants to change the site of the Military Asylum to Mount Vernon if a part of the estate can be purchased at a reasonable price.
Introduces some friends who wish to visit Mount Vernon.
Gives family news and an account of a visit by a gentleman who spent the night at Mount Vernon and gave $5 to West Ford. Discusses sale of a slave to his cousin. Has heard of a bill by the federal government to purchase Mount Vernon and wishes it would be accepted. Mentions prices and terms.
Is sending oats and other items to Mount Vernon. Urges him to pursue his studies. Wishes him to send some oysters and sugar.
Sends funds for completing the vault at Mount Vernon and authorizes him to take more money from his bank if necessary.
Thanks him for the many civilities experienced by them during their visit to Mount Vernon. Sends a piece of a branch of a fig tree cut from the birth spot of "your immortal ancestor."
Is against his plans for Mount Vernon and opening it to "every low idler." Discusses payments and what form they would take.
Brief note of regards, translated by J. Perkins.
Heard about people being charged to enter the garden. Wishes he would stop this.
Wants to know price and terms of sale of Mount Vernon. If not for sale, could it be leased. (Contains typed transcript.)
Was glad to hear that Mount Vernon was not for sale as it should remain in the hands of the Washington family. Wishes to "establish a house of entertainment in the vicinity of Mount Vernon." Asks questions as to materials and location of such. (Contains typed transcript.)
Is in the market to purchase negroes as one of his men, Alfred, has run off. Wants to know whether she still wishes to dispose of her negroes and what her price would be. He could pay $500 cash and then pay off the principal in a year or two.
Lists names of executors and legatees and their shares and values.
Tells him of an upcoming visit to Washington and Mount Vernon by a "highly respectable volunteer corps." They wish to arrive by boat and see the tomb of Washington. He understands permission to do so is necessary.
Is worried his health is suffering by his labors at Mount Vernon. Hopes he will accept any reasonable offer by the U.S. Government for it. Went into town to have magistrates witness her acknowledgment of the deed of release. Discusses a suit brought by Judge Douglass and the health of various family members.
Doubts whether an offer will be made by the U.S. Government. Hopes it would as she feels his health is suffering from attending to business at Mount Vernon. Recommends someone to help him acquire an overseer. Was paid money for him. Discusses the failing health of Dr. Alexander's mother and others.
Is horrified to learn of auction of Wood Lawn. Proposes to run a steamboat between Washington to Wood Lawn, Fort Washington, Mount Vernon, and the White House. Gives references. Pledges to bring members of Congress there and feels it would enhance the chances of the purchase of Mount Vernon by the government. Suggests it could be used as a summer home for the President. Discusses various items left by Washington and the soon to be completed Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. (contains typed transcript)
Tells him of a letter he received from an unknown man who wants to obtain a tree from Mount Vernon to transplant in France to shade the bench of Christopher Columbus which he possesses.
Recommends leaving it to Congress to propose a price for the purchase of Mount Vernon. She feels he wants too much for it, and that it really should not be sold. Gives family news. Gives advice on his search for an overseer.
First letter discusses the Supreme Court taking on the suit of Mr. Hammond against General Washington. Bassett says he discharged all debts owed by Captain Lewis. There is another copy of the names of executors and legatees and their shares and values. Discussions of various debts owed to different people.
Discusses various suits, mostly Hammonds, against the estate and their current status. Many people have died since 1827 when they were last listed. Will take a long time to find people.
Discussion of the Hammond suit and payments still owed to various creditors, to be paid by all the legatees of General Washington's estate. Most dollar figures are left blank to be filled in later. Prompt payment by all legatees is required.
Discusses his father's will and his lack of knowledge of the whereabouts of various other people mentioned in JAW's letter.
Answering his inquiries as to various relatives. Suggests he write to the clerk of Kanawha County for the information he requires. Suggests he contact Andrew Parks who probably has all the facts.
Discusses sale of swamp land. He paid the taxes on it for the Washington heirs. The land is not worth much since the timber had been taken from it by many people over the years. Would like to be reimbursed for the money he paid.
He wishes to meet with him in the middle of November, at which time they can conclude their business.
Discusses the bill in Congress to purchase Mount Vernon. Wants assets divided up between her children so all are taken care of. Tells of Charles' upcoming marriage before he leaves for California.
Discusses the codicil of his father's will. Mrs. Washington is not compelled to sell. Upon her death, the heirs may sell despite the codicil. Suggests Mrs. Washington partition the land before her death in order that JAW may do "what you please with the land."
Invites him to the wedding of his oldest daughter the next week.
Has been in Charlestown attending services for the week. Is amazed at the prospect of $200,000 being paid for Mount Vernon by the government. Wants him to send fish and to pickle some "Rock."
(Typed transcription included) George Page and a surveyor from Maryland wanted to survey land in the Potomac River adjacent to Mount Vernon with the object of bringing steamboats there. Was notified he would be charged with some offense by Maryland. Makes him aware that the compact between the states means they have no claim on him.
First letter – wants to know if Mount Vernon Estate will be sold. Second letter – understands the government might become the owner of the estate and wants to meet.
Wants him to petition the Court to finally settle the estate of General Washington.
First letter – wants to examine Mount Vernon with a view to the establishment of a military asylum for the relief of soldiers. Second letter – tells him the price for Mount Vernon is too high, and purchase of a location nearer Washington will be undertaken.
An account by a boat company of receipts over the past year.
Discusses the landing of boats at Mount Vernon without JAW's previous knowledge. Wants them to be allowed to dock if they pay the usual fare to him.
Acknowledges payment for the pianoforte. Wants four walking sticks cut from near General Washington's tomb to be sent to monks in Italy.
Agreement to sell 200 acres of Mount Vernon for $200,000. Includes all buildings and the tomb, as well as furnishings currently there. Also will allow heirs to be buried there. He may not sell the estate without first offering it to the U.S. Government and the State of Virginia for no more than $350,000.
Has been unable to contact other parties to the contract. Hopes to be able to do so soon.
A committee of the House of Delegates has been appointed to consider the purchase of Mount Vernon. Wants to meet him in Alexandria to discuss this.
Encloses a newspaper clipping about the acquisition of Mount Vernon by the State of Virginia. Tells him the committee of five will look into the will of the people as to this acquisition.
Addressed only to "Mrs. Washington." Unclear whether it is addressed to Mrs. Jane C.B. Washington or Mrs. Eleanor L.S. Washington. (Typed transcription included) Has heard that Mount Vernon is for sale, possibly to northern people. Feels the Ladies of the South might instead procure it and wants to know the price.
Does not wish to part with Mount Vernon but wishes to keep it from the changeable fortunes of a family and to ally it to the State. Would sell 200 acres with stipulations for $200,000. If the State wants to establish a model farm there, he would sell an additional 1,000 acres for $300,000. Invites them to visit.
Discusses his offer to sell Mount Vernon to the state. Says $200,000 is less than the property could sell for on the market. Talks about having a model farm as nothing meant more to Washington than farming. Would welcome them to visit. Reminds them that his terms cannot be materially modified.
(Typed transcription included) Says he is asking less money of the state than he had been offered by others. Tells them of his desire for a model farm as the pursuit of an improved system of agriculture was of great importance to General Washington. Would welcome a visit from them.
Wants to clear up suggestions that he is falsely referring to higher offers for Mount Vernon.
The Committee feels the price for Mount Vernon "is enormous." Would prefer the money to be used for a rail road.
Draft in writing of John Augustine Washington III. Addressed to "Miss Cunningham" but could also be a response to Louisa Cunningham's letter instead of Ann Pamela Cunningham. Praises the women of the south for their affection for Washington. Does not wish to dispose of the property except to the government of the United States or Virginia and so declines the proposition from the "Ladies of the South."
Draft thought to be in the writing of Jane C.B. Washington. Identical text to previous letter (draft in the hand of John Augustine Washington III).
Encloses a power of attorney and some other letters. Has agreed to reduction of $50,000 on 1000 acres. Will accept nothing less than $200,000 for the 200 acres. Agrees to pay him 5% of what he gets from either government agency, provided it occurs in the current session.
The state might be willing to pay $50,000 per year for four years for Mount Vernon but not the total of $200,000 at once. Wonders what is happening with the federal government. "Things are coming to a head rapidly."
As long as negotiations with Virginia remain open, it would not be proper for him to entertain any proposals from other parties for the purchase of Mount Vernon. Might be interested in the future in making an offer.
Feels priority should be given to Congress to purchase Mount Vernon, and therefore Virginia is holding off on more committee meetings. Wants him to be there for future committee meetings.
Urges him to meet with Arthur Taylor as his representative in the proposed sale of Mount Vernon. Requests that he not send papers to Col. Bissell before meeting with him.
Has the papers from Mr. Washington and wants to meet with him to discuss the sale of Mount Vernon to the U.S. Government.
Assures him that he has not given the letters from him to Mr. Bissell and has requested Mr. Taylor to come see him.
Encloses the previous letter and hopes they will be able to meet soon. Feels it best to not commit to any course with the U.S. until a definite answer comes from the Virginia Legislature.
Invites him to come to his lodgings at any time at 9 a.m.
Is unable to return to his "hospitable roof" at this time. Values the time she was there and having been "entrusted with the training of such bright intelligences."
Reports on his share of earnings from "Washington's Writings." Many copies of the book were destroyed in a fire, but the stereotype and engraved plates were in a fire proof vault.
Feels it is very important for him to communicate with the federal government and is willing to help in any way.
Mr. Taylor shared his letter proposing to bring the subject of the purchase of Mount Vernon again before Congress. His terms are already known to him – the same as those agreed to for the State of Virginia.
Wants to bring up the purchase of Mount Vernon in Congress but wants to know just what terms he agreed to with Virginia. Wants the Northern States to purchase it.
Gives terms of sale, including that family members still living may also be buried there. Additional property to total 1000 acres may be purchased for $300,000, for a model farm as suggested by Gen. Washington. Tells him the state of Virginia had proposed the sale for less than he wanted which he refused.
Encloses a copy of the bill reported to the House of Delegates Committee for the purchase of Mount Vernon. He told them it would not meet with JAW's approval. Urges him to move quickly on the Turnpike matter for this session.
Is very desirous of having the State of Virginia take possession of Mount Vernon and "have the sole control and ownership forever." Wants to know what terms he proposes.
Gives him the terms of sale. The Washington family shall be permitted to be buried on the site, and no remains shall ever be disturbed. The price shall be $200,000, with an additional 800 acres available for $100,000 more
Will not accede to propositions of the steamboat company. Will be busy for a few weeks but wants to see a copy of the agreement currently in effect.
Tells him of Mrs. Mason presenting "a remonstrance against your turnpike." Wants access to $250 at Farmers Bank in Alexandria.
Discusses payments based on sales of "Washington's Writings." Tells percentages paid to various legatees.
Discusses quarrelling and squabbling among the ladies purchasing Mount Vernon. Is concerned about security around the remains of George Washington.
Wants him to send a letter to him so he may correct disparaging remarks made about his impending sale of Mount Vernon.
Is writing to her as requested by JAW. Describes a woman mourning her deceased eight-year-old son. Includes a poem about grief and moving on after death of a child.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Mr. Mason very much wants to meet him and getting a letter from JAW that would announce the news of their "progress."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Thanks him for the kindness of him and Mrs. Washington on her recent visit to Mount Vernon. Urges him to send a letter to be published about the sale of Mount Vernon before the news is released by someone else.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Assures her he does not care what others say about him and remains hopeful of selling Mount Vernon to the State of Virginia.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Explains the absence of Mr. Toombs when JAW came to see him. Tells him why she is now dealing with Mr. Toombs rather than Mr. Mason.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Hopes to meet him in Washington City as she will be there for a few days during her travel south. Wants a thorough understanding of his wishes and intentions before meeting with the governor of Virginia.
Wants him to reconsider his determination as expressed in his letter in the National Intelligencer and put the estate under the care of the State of Virginia. (This is a copy of a letter written by Anna's husband.) Second letter, dated March 5, 1857 on same paper: Refers to letter copied out by her. Is certain a sufficient sum will have been raised by February 22 to enable Virginia to purchase Mount Vernon.
Urges him to reconsider his determination as expressed in his letter to the National Intelligencer and consent to place the estate once more at the disposal of Virginia which has an arrangement with the "Ladies' Mount Vernon Association of the Union."
His musical association played a concert on behalf of the "Ladies Mt. Vernon Association" at which $100 was raised. The musical group would benefit greatly from receiving this money back if Mr. Washington has no plans to sell to the Ladies Association.
Would love to spend time at Mount Vernon, but his schedule will not allow at this time. His book will be published during the winter and spring, but he doesn't feel a visit would add anything.
He remains willing to place Mount Vernon in the hands of the State of Virginia, under his terms which the state has not seemed to want to meet. The proposal to have Mount Vernon by under the Mount Vernon Ladies Association of the Union is unacceptable to him. Doubts they could maintain the estate in perpetuity. It would then be taken over by the state.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Identical to previous letter.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Responding to his letter to Mr. Ritchie. Urges him to put out that the Ladies are to raise $200,000 on behalf of the State of Virginia for the purchase of Mount Vernon.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Does not wish to publish parts of letters. Feels "nothing but silent contempt can put them at rest."
(W.L. Underwood – most likely Warner Lewis Underwood, Kentucky Senator) Tells JAW that if his current negotiations for Mount Vernon should fall through that his organization would be pleased to enter into further discussions.
Again says he wishes Mount Vernon to go to the State of Virginia, to be decided upon by the current session of the General Assembly.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants to know who told her that he was "willing… for a pecuniary consideration to break engagements and promises."
The Masonic Brotherhood is interested in purchasing Mount Vernon. Thanks him for the tour the previous day. Apologizes for the bad behavior of one member and hopes that will not prejudice him against the Fraternity.
(Typed transcription enclosed) She met with the governor who told her the "Extra Session" of the Legislature was for the "presidential contest," so the Legislature will not be meeting again until the next winter. Realizes this delay is not pleasing to him.
Inquires whether any action has been taken by the Legislature or is likely to be.
Tells him no action has yet been taken by the Legislature but feels sure it will be taken up after the Christmas recess, after which the ladies will be enabled to purchase Mount Vernon and have its title transferred to Virginia.
Discusses various prices for Mount Vernon and quotes JAW as vehemently denying that he wanted the remains of General Washington moved. He wishes the estate to be the property of the United States and all the people.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells him she has been very ill but is sure that the Legislature will act.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Labeled as Private. Tells him Gov. Wise is "inimical to our 'cause'" which is the reason the Legislature has not taken up the subject of the purchase of Mount Vernon." Talks of the financial crisis which is being felt by "we victimized cotton planters." Tells him of the impending sale of copies of a portrait of Washington.
(Typed transcription enclosed) She writes of her illness and lack of strength. The Constitution of the Association was signed by the governor. Tells him various Masonic orders have decided to become allies of the Association. Hopes to have the contract signed between Virginia and him on the 22nd of February.
Invites recipient to the elevation of the Statue of Washington on February 22 in Richmond.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Labeled as Private. Is looking forward to the inauguration of the Washington statue. Wants him to vow that the Ladies of the Association are the "very best friends you have in the world." Tells him that Gov. Wise is no friend to him or to her and this cause.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Has a document that states Virginia will purchase Mount Vernon from him and encloses a copy of the bill. Is sure the governor will act strongly to defeat this. Wants him to attend the address by Mr. Everett a few days before the 22nd of February. Tells him how lucky he is to get $200,000 in "these awful times."
Gives price of sale of $200,000 for 200 acres of the Mount Vernon estate and pledges the MVLA to guarantee to not disturb any remains currently there and to allow descendants of JAW to also be interred there.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Praises him for agreeing that Mount Vernon is to be a public shrine and to limit interments there. Gen. Chapman included that in the third reading of the bill. Discusses the building of a new mausoleum for Washington which would not go against his will. Talks of her illness.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells her the disposition of family remains, as well as those of General Washington, are his biggest concerns in the sale.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Hopes he is happy about the bill as read in the Legislature. Tells him it is she and not the Committee who wants to arrange for a magnificent mausoleum. Closes by saying she is too exhausted to "even give a hint of the nature of woman's revenge should you not be in a state of delight over our bill!!!"
(Typed transcription enclosed) Remains adamant as to a future mausoleum as Washington stated where he wished his remains to be. Cannot travel to Richmond at present due to the illness of Mrs. Washington.
(Agreement ends with reference to the 10th of February) Deals with payment of $6,000 to heirs of W.F. Alexander and Anna Alexander as a share of Mount Vernon. Expressly says none of these heirs have any claim to the proceeds arising from a sale of Mount Vernon, other than the $6,000.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells him that though Gov. Wise is no friend to the Mount Vernon cause, he did not intend to put his remarks under the head of Lunatic Asylum. It was a complete accident.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Encloses another article by Mr. Pryor who is "using his art to arouse the fear, & cupidity of the timid & narrow minded of this Legislature." Asks him about his previous offer from a company to purchase the estate, and that he wanted to wait for Congress to act.
(Typed transcription enclosed) States that his price for Mount Vernon has always been $200,000, since he gained control of it in 1849. Asks whether he ever made an offer for Mount Vernon for $100,000. If so, under whose authority was it made?
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants to confirm with him that his offer to sell Mount Vernon as a site for the Military Asylum in 1851 was for $200,000 and not $100,000.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells her of a contract with a gentleman to sell him 200 acres of Mount Vernon for $200,000 with the condition that the property should be offered to the U.S. and to Virginia. If neither purchased it, he should take the property. He then offered $50,000 to release him from that obligation, but JAW refused. Says he never has offered it for sale in public or private.
Says he was authorized by JAW to offer Mount Vernon for a Military Asylum for $100,000. Will search for papers to confirm this.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Advises that on March 25, 1851, he made an offer to sell about 150 acres of the Mount Vernon estate for $200,000 for an Army Asylum or some other government purpose.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Labeled as Private. Thanks him for sending a copy of the correspondence of Gen. Scott. Miss C. is intensely engaged in getting past Mr. Pryor's malicious misrepresentation of the Bill. If he can defeat us, he will.
Reiterates that Alexander and his heirs have no claim to any proceeds arising from a sale of Mount Vernon beyond the agreed upon $6,000 and requests him to add a paragraph to that effect to the agreement they will both sign.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants him to come see her in Richmond, despite his recent fall. Refers to the animosity of Mr. Pryor toward the bill. Wishes there could be an Extra Session for it to pass.
Again states his disagreement with Mr. McKenzie's assertion of his having offered $100,000 for Mount Vernon. No one else knew of such an offer. Gen. Scott agrees with JAW in his recollections. Tells her of a recent fall from a horse which will prevent his visit to Richmond on the 22nd.
Urges him and his family to attend the inauguration of the equestrian statue of Washington on the Capital Square in Richmond. Says he would be pleased to host them at their home near the city.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Is uncertain whether he will be able to travel to Richmond and wants her to update him on matters related to the Bill as "I have not in any manner approached" any of his friends or acquaintances on the subject. It is important for her to convince members that the association only needs the name of the State which will not be called upon to pay any of the money for the purchase.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham begs him to attend Mr. Everett's oration and hopes to speak to him on the Square tomorrow.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Continues to be unwell. Introduces him to Mr. A.H.H. Dawson of Georgia, "an eccentric genius." He is devoted to the purposes of the Association and has delivered an address about it in 30 towns in Georgia. Urges him to come to Richmond to meet with members of the Legislature.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Is sorry he was unable to call on her before leaving Richmond. Wants clarification about alterations Mr. Yancy thought necessary in the paper he left with her. He wants a decision by the Legislature, yes or no, soon.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells him that the Legislature is "in a row" and will not pass any bills before an Extra Session. Wants him to bring a contract to her so they are prepared for any contingencies. Tells him of her illness of the lungs and her treatment.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Reiterates the importance of the sanctity of the family burying ground. Wants to have some alterations and additions of a substantial permanent character made to the present vault, with a durable enclosure around it. He is open to payment in stocks or cash for the estate. Says they should have an act of incorporation before signing a contract.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Gen. Chapman was drawing up an act of incorporation before the bill comes up. He said Virginia must not hold the tomb; the Association must hold it. She remains very ill. "yrs in much suffering"
Is preparing a pamphlet to defend JAW against detractors and wants copies of correspondence he had with Gen. Scott and others about possible purchase of Mount Vernon.
(Typed transcription enclosed) The bill in Virginia for the purchase of Mount Vernon, to be refunded by the MVLA, was defeated in the House of Delegates. In addition Congress cannot purchase land in a sovereign state without its consent. Tells him it should be the property of the Nation and should be sold to the MVLA. "With grateful women pledged to guard the sacred ashes of Washington and to adorn his home for a national shrine."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Says it has become obvious that neither Virginia nor the U.S. wish to purchase Mount Vernon. Therefore "the women of the land will probably be the safest as they will certainly be the purest guardians of a national shrine." He waits for her to make a proposal to him.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham requests that he answer the letter she gave him relating to the purchase of Mount Vernon and to return it to her. She will give him a copy.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Is returning her letter to him as it seemed to be improperly dated and lacked her signature. When she remedies those defects, he will send an answer.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants to meet with him on Saturday morning in Alexandria to sign the contract.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Is very unhappy about delays put forth by Messrs. Macfarland & Myers. They felt there had to be an acceptance of the contract by all or a majority of the Vice Regents before it could be signed. They can do this by telegraph, permitting Mrs. Ritchie to act for them.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Urges him to come without delay. It was thought things would be delayed as Mrs. Walton's husband had died, but now Mr. McFarland advised them to send for him at once. Miss Cunningham is not good and needs to bring matters to a close "ere it be too late."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants him to come see her that afternoon or evening as Dr. Beale "considers it necessary to apply a severe blister without delay."
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Private) Upon reflection she feels the letter she sent him for publication is not to be published. She does not wish to "make enemies even in a State which has given me so little cause to respect it." Mrs. Ritchie will work on a better worded one which she will send to him.
He deposited money to his credit for the contract and wants to know if this was correct. Tells him the pony he was inquiring about is not for sale. Also felt much concern about the accounts of the fisheries. Looks forward to a visit with him.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Encloses the plat of the 200 acres of land he agreed to sell to the MVLA. Wants him to sign it and return it.
(Typed transcription enclosed) About the plat, he is having the land resurveyed and "have the necessary corners stones set." He will send it back with a signature after that. Also encloses her letter of March 12 and wants a copy of her letter as published with her signature.
Wants to know if George Thorburn may visit Mount Vernon in the 28th of May to inspect the grounds in regards to the improvements to be made. He is "no doubt the first horticulturist in America" and a plain, unpolished person. It would be good for JAW's surveyor to meet with Mr. Thorburn to go over the grounds.
He is "exceedingly provoked" at the newspaper coverage in connection with the sale of Mount Vernon. As a college friend he felt he had to contact an editor and correct the information. He hopes he did not make the situation worse.
Again requests he host the "celebrated florist" at Mount Vernon to look over the grounds before they come to Mount Vernon on the 29th for a few hours.
Agrees to have Mr. Thorburn come and meet with surveyors. Asks if Mr. Thorburn could be appointed the Agent of the Association in drawing up with the surveyors the lines of the 200 acres. He will "grant any reasonable request of the Association." Hopes to see Mr. Ritchie and her while he yet resides at Mount Vernon.
The first attests to receipt of interest on the $6,000 owed to Mrs. Jane Washington. The second is for $2,000 as part of the $6,000 owed.
Urges him to reduce the price of Mount Vernon to $150,000 so as to better fund all the expenses associated with its ownership by the MVLA. Tells him to buy land in "some of the new states" with that money.
Wants to know what stocks or bonds would be acceptable as part of the purchase price. Gives the current rate of Virginia stock.
Acknowledges his decline to the proposition.
Replying to a previous letter. Cannot answer the questions of Miss Lewis as he does not remember where Col. Fielding Lewis died. Her wishes are an illusion. Wonders if some land in Kentucky is what she is dreaming of. Hopes the Ladies will be able to preserve Mount Vernon after they complete the purchase.
As a new Mason, wants to know if he will amend the contract to state that the property will revert to the United States or the Masonic Fraternity in the event of a dissolution of the MVLA and not to the state of Virginia.
Writes to her cousin about an article in the paper that morning that was a "vile abolition libel on you." Wants to assure her lady friends that it is untrue.
Is involved in illustrating an article about Mount Vernon as it is of interest to the American people. Wants to visit to sketch objects that have not been drawn. The MVLA is in favor of such an article to assist with their fund raising.
Is amazed at the scurrilous attacks made on him by Northern Papers which are calculated to embarrass the Mount Vernon Association.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Thanks him for his letter about the calumnies in some Northern newspapers but has no desire to enter into a controversy with the papers.
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Private) Wants him to tell her of his agreement with Mr. Crutchett of Mount Vernon Cane Factory who was given permission to come and cut trees on the estate. Asks what value he puts on the remainder of the estate contiguous to the 200 acres.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Gives details of his contract with Mr. Crutchett which expired in February 1856. He was permitted to take more trees before January 1857. He has no right to "come upon the property I have sold the Association to cut timber." Has not put a price on the remainder of Mount Vernon.
Thanks him for the hospitality given to him and his sister on their visit to Mount Vernon.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham was happy to hear his account of the transactions with Mr. Crutchett. Wants him to come to Philadelphia to confer upon private matters of great importance to the Association and himself. She is equally interested in the final settlement of the boundary lines.
First letter (incomplete) congratulates him on the sale of Mount Vernon. Requests return of portrait of his mother. Second letter thanks him for agreeing to return the portrait. He and his family would very much like to visit Mount Vernon again before it becomes public.
Hopes he can come to Washington to meet with him. Wants Mr. Washington to stay with him to "pay off the debt of visiting you at Mt. Vernon." Miss Cunningham is making arrangements to pay the first bond with interest in December.
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Private) Looks forward to making payment of the first installment. Mr. Riggs will pay sums of $5,000 as soon as it is raised. Hopes to be able to pay the remainder of 2d installment on 1st of January 1859. Begs him to keep these matters as a "profound secret."
Miss Cunningham wants to make the first payment on December 14, the anniversary of Washington's death.
Tells him of payment to Burke & Herbert of $10,000 on that day.
Tells him the box containing the chairs has not yet arrived. He wants to be allowed to pay for the repairs necessary to the chairs. Invites him and his family to visit him in Richmond before they go farther away from it.
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Private) Wants to make the first payment on the 1st, but this is a holiday. Urges him not to risk sending the plat executed by Washington himself but to have it be lithographed. Wants to clear up the boundaries. Tells him to keep the discussion of the sale of additional land private.
Wants to gather branches from the estate in order to make canes to sell to aid in the purchase of Mount Vernon.
Their project would require the consent of the Regent of the MVLA.
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Confidential) Miss Cunningham is too ill to reply to his last letter. Lets him know his presence might be required on the 22nd but all arrangements must be kept private. The upcoming payment will be about $14,000.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Urges him to accept the money already paid to him (for the "selling your relations bones.") He already received more money than the estate was worth. Note on the letter states he ensured his control over the remains in "such a way that they can never be sold by any one."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Does not want to go to Philadelphia unless it is absolutely necessary. He recently heard that Mrs. Esther M. Lewis (widow of Lorenzo Lewis) wants to present the harpsichord that was given to Nelly to the MVLA.
Thanks him for copy of the inscription on a bust. He realized he had not copied the pencil sketch of the Destruction of the Bastille. Would JAW please have a photograph of it sent to him for an upcoming book on the history of Mount Vernon. Will send a copy of the book to him in September when it is published.
Acknowledges receipt of $1,000 which completes the payment of $6,000 owed to Mrs. Jane Washington.
The Regent wants JAW to not allow any more sketches to be made of Mount Vernon or the grounds without her consent. Attached is a copy of an advertisement for sale of a portrait of Washington. The Mount Vernon Record gives an account of fund raising to date. Mr. Everett thanks Devereux for sending him a copy of the Farewell Address.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Requests her to send him definite instructions to enable him to prohibit people from making sketches of Mount Vernon.
Tells them he has written to the Regent requesting her instructions about the matter they raised with him.
(Typed transcription enclosed) The Regent now feels that it would "not be practicable for you to refuse privileges hitherto granted" in the matter of sketches. There is also a newspaper clipping with letters from JAW and the Regent about the sale of Mount Vernon.
They wrote to him on the 14th as the Regent was prostrated. Requests any material he might have about the area in England where Washington's ancestor came from.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells her of terms under which they ran their steamboat to Mount Vernon. They paid him money with the understanding that he would make repairs to the wharf and footway, under the agreement, but he did not. He ordered his captain to have it done and will retain that money.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Encloses a copy of the previous letter and asks him to advise her as to her response to Mr. Bryan.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham much enjoyed his previous letter and its humor. Hopes he will waive the requisition of 10 days notice before receiving payments. Can give him at least 30 days notice before requiring possession, and hopefully 60 days. She has "been very much of an invalid for many weeks."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Wants him to come to Philadelphia around the 10th or 12th so they may consult in regard to the future. They can have the boundary line settled and put many business affairs in order. Miss Cunningham intends to make a payment on the last installment as soon "as you will receive it."
(Typed transcription enclosed) He will travel to Philadelphia and meet with her on Wednesday. Will give directions to Messrs. Burke & Herbert for the last installment.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham wants him to arrive on Thursday and then accompany her to hear Mr. Everett in the evening. She and Mr. Everett would then meet with him on Friday.
(Typed transcription enclosed) He agrees to come to Philadelphia on Thursday and meet as she suggests.
(Typed transcription enclosed) The Regent wants him to "have the kindness not to speak of the particulars of your interview with her." She also requests him to confer with Mr. Herbert, after which Mr. Herbert should meet with Mr. Riggs and let her know the arrangements he would be willing to make. "This matter she particularly desires should be confidential."
Wants him to send him the photographs of the Picture of the Bastille and let him know what he owes for this service. Thanks him for his kindness in all this matter.
Again asks for the photograph of the Bastille picture as his book is finished, and he is only waiting for that.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham regrets that he and Mr. Riggs were unable to meet at Mount Vernon to discuss all it is possible to do without annoyance to the family. Would like to commence work on the outbuildings near the garden and to rebuild the roof and pillars of the piazza. Also wants to do work around the Tomb.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Apologizes for delay in responding to his recent letter, but the news of Captain Cunningham's decease has made it impossible for Miss Cunningham to "think of even the most pressing business."
Thanks him for sending the photograph and encloses $5. Apologizes for keeping three documents for so long. Wants to return the documents and send him a copy of the book in September. Asks whether he may keep the Pohick elevation as it is in Washington's hand.
Details work done on various dresses.
Is sorry to hear that JAW will be leaving Mount Vernon before Hubard can get there to visit. Wants to know whether Mr. Mills does possess the moulds made by Houdon. Wants to see a cast made from the mould as he is convinced it is a fraud.
Cannot say whether the Richmond statue is accurate but to him the head looks identical to the Mount Vernon bust. Has never heard of the moulds being left at Mount Vernon and does not believe Mr. Mills would have removed anything without his permission.
Wants to clarify his original assertion that he feels Houdon did not use the moulds made from Washington's face as he asserts they are very different from the head of Houdon. Also wants to know whether the table on which Washington lay when the moulds were made is still at Mount Vernon.
Thanks him for sending money from the steamboat company for the MVLA.
Will be writing an article for Encyclopedia Britannica and is "desirous of stating the facts relative to the emancipation of the Genl's slaves." Also wants to know whether Mrs. Washington left a will and whether she freed her slaves in it.
Wishes to obtain a copy of the inventory of General Washington's estate.
Makes assertion that General Washington was sued and judgment rendered against him. Also some northern papers are speculating that he lost his money and had mortgaged the Mount Vernon estate for $400,000. Encloses a copy of the certificate of the appraiser as entered in 1810.
Is returning the papers lent to him and sending a copy of his book on Mount Vernon. Thanks him for the use of the papers.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Reminds her that his request for her lawyer to sift through an abstract of his title to Mount Vernon has not been complied with. This would answer questions raised by anonymous persons which have "caused you some uneasiness."
Miss Cunningham wants to conclusively prove the falsehood of assertions of the invalidity of his title to the estate. The Clerk of Fairfax County will attest to the truth but wants to see his father's will and evidence of the payment of $6,000 charged to the estate. Looks forward to putting to rest this falsehood.
Is still waiting for the certificate from the Clerk of Fairfax County. That will give the "lie to any slander of title." Is unable to visit due to his duties in the Legislature.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham thanks him for sending the package of papers and hopes to be able to write herself in a few days about other matters.
Thanks him for sending the papers. Does not appear from them that "Mrs. Washington emancipated the dower negroes." Requests more information on that point.
Sees that Miss Cunningham has published an abstract of title furnished her by the Clerk of Fairfax Court, so imagines she will not require further information. Will soon return the other papers.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Has forwarded to her a package of papers which he recovered, apparently detailing the kinds and locations of trees planted at Mount Vernon.
Tells her his lack of response to her letter is due to being away most of the month and having visits from friends, possibly for the last time at Mount Vernon. Pointed out the lines of the old vistas marked by ancient trees. The insurance policies he had were on the house only, not the outbuildings. Recommends she make a new road. Also recommends repairing the wharf.
Sends a newspaper copy of an advertisement she placed wishing to obtain a copy of the photograph taken the previous August at the tomb of Washington which included her daughter, now deceased. She would like to know if she could obtain a list of the attendees of that day so she might write and request this as it is the only photograph of her daughter.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Tells her the Association still must raise $140,000 to support the Estate which will require extraordinary effort on the part of the Association. Asks her to address visitors at Mount Vernon on the imperative nature of this.
(Typed transcription enclosed – labeled Private) Wants to arrange a "Grand Ceremonial in connection with the taking of the title" in order to let people know fund raising is not complete after the purchase. Refers to political turmoil and the impending dissolution of the Union and all the difficulties this will cause. Plans to be at Mount Vernon for 10 days and wants to meet with him to finalize things.
He is fine with executing a deed for the sale of Mount Vernon to the Association and feels there would be no difficulty in the event of his death. He worries about Virginia's seceding from the Union that she might object to selling part of her soil to a corporation composed "in part of unfriendly foreigners."
(Typed transcription enclosed) Miss Cunningham is gratified that he concurs in her proposition and feels her decease would be the most serious difficulty to be apprehended. Wants to meet him at Mount Vernon to place the deed in escrow. Does not feel the possibilities for Virginia he suggested would form a significant barrier.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Encloses an order to Mr. Riggs for steamboat receipts through December 31st. Would be happy to meet her at Mount Vernon.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Encloses the order on Mr. Bryan for the steamboat receipts. Has been paying insurance which continues until June next and has deducted that from the receipts.
Acknowledges his letter but does not need receipts for premiums of insurance.
Reports that Mr. Herbert only wants to clear the lot of land offered him. Also Mr. Norris has rented out his farm. Turner is not sure where he moved to in Kentucky. Discusses acquisition of material to make shirts for servants.
(Typed transcription enclosed) Had not replied to his earlier letter due to excessive fatigue from her journey from Columbia. Hopes to use patriotic influence to get the "Agent" to remit or reduce his fee.
Tells him of a minister who will be in Alexandria and is looking for a vacant church where he could officiate.
Funeral was conducted at Waveland. There is a description of the body and the family. Invoked the Gospel. JAW began family prayers following the death of his wife. Description of his activities over the following days.
Asks Mrs. Howard for a biographical sketch of her father (John Augustine Washington III) for the National Cyclopedia of American Biography.
Two leaflets advertising the writings of Dr. Lyon G. Tyler.
Full title "A Confederate catechism: The war of 1861-1865." Third edition, November 21, 1929. Series of 20 questions and answers about the war.
Wants to know whether the Ladies will discuss the purchase of the pictures and maps he has been offering. He will offer them elsewhere.
Photographic print, cabinet card of a drawing of the east view of the Mansion by unknown artist. Reverse side of card reads "D.H. Naramore, Photographer, No. 321 King Street, Alexandria, VA."
Small engraving probably clipped from a publication. Unknown location or residence shown in image.
Hair clippings in envelope with note "Hair of the late Lawrence Washington - 1856 - Found among articles bequested to MVLA by Miss Cunningham. Miss Comegys, Regent (1923) directs Supt. to send this to the widow of Mr. Lawrence W."
Small black and white photographic print showing the gravestone for Lt. Col. John Augustine Washington.
Black and white photographic print mounted on gray board. Shows Waveland residence with man, two women, and several children visible (unidentified).
Boston: Published by Charles Bowen. Front page signed "Jane C. Washington, Mount Vernon, 1834."
Diary inscribed "Account of all my recpts. & expenditures beginning with Sept. 16th, 1841, that being the date at which I came to Mount Vernon to reside." There are intermittent entries through November 1859. This is not as full a diary but includes lists of food, clothing, and china, table, and cookware.
Includes "List of Negroes" and Mount Vernon farming and maintenance details. Loose note at the front reads "Extracts from the diary of my father" with notes on this diary and previous ones.
This diary may not actually be part of accession RM-848 as it is not mentioned in the initial inventory/correspondence. However, it was in the same box as the other diaries and the almanac when found on the shelf, therefore it was described with the collection.
Includes "List of Negroes" and Mount Vernon farming and maintenance details.
Photocopies of undated manuscripts from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1834-1838 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1841-1845 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1846-1849 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1851-1853 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1854-1855 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1856-1857 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1858 from the collection. (1 of 2)
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1858 from the collection. (2 of 2)
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1859 from the collection.
Photocopies of manuscripts dated 1860-1861 from the collection.
Handwritten notes probably by a librarian or other Mount Vernon staff member including summaries of the letters within the collection.